2016年?yáng)|莞小升初英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)
2016年?yáng)|莞小升初英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)
一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如:knife-knives 5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)
I _________him _________this ___________her ______watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______man______ woman_______
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。
2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞用原形。
3.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。 4.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesn’t)，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加does，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加do，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如:study-studies
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹
【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀(guān)現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ) be(am,is,are) 其它。如:
I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ) 行為動(dòng)詞( 其它)。如:
We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。
【No. 2】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化
1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句:主語(yǔ) be not 其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問(wèn)句:Be 主語(yǔ) 其它。
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
非凡疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞 一般疑問(wèn)句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句:主語(yǔ) don't( doesn't ) 動(dòng)詞原形( 其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑問(wèn)句:Do( Does ) 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形 其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句:主語(yǔ) don't( doesn't ) 動(dòng)詞原形( 其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑問(wèn)句:Do( Does ) 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形 其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
動(dòng)詞 s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如:study-studies
用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.
3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的非凡疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:
疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 be 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞ing?
但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為:
疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 be 動(dòng)詞ing?
動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如:cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如:run-running, stop-stopping
寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)
一、概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be going to do;②will do.
三、否定句:在be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、同義句:be going to = will
1.be going to 表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。
2.肯定句:be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首，如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:Who is going to play football?
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
練習(xí):
填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)
We _____ _______ _________ learn English.
We ________ learn English.
五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。
2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化:
⑴am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)?/span>was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)?/span>were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
3.句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子
否定句:didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形，如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑問(wèn)句:在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問(wèn)句:
⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則:
1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.結(jié)尾是e加d，如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如:stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如:study-studied
5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)
寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
is\am_________ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ put ______
kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(1)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(2)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
(二)小升初英語(yǔ)詞類(lèi):
動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法:
先用“一(量詞)”(如:一個(gè)、一張等)和這個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，如說(shuō)得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞;說(shuō)不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和為個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)得通一般就是形容詞;都說(shuō)不通就是動(dòng)詞。(目前我們學(xué)過(guò)的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明顯的，如人稱(chēng)代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道)
1、動(dòng)詞
這里所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱(chēng)，其中包括行為動(dòng)詞(就是我們平時(shí)總說(shuō)的那種動(dòng)詞)、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
(1)行為動(dòng)詞
就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞，表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如:sweep、live等。
行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過(guò)它們的四種形式:
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具體判斷方法如下:
↗有，就加ing
讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞→理解意思→看有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞
(若是be going to 就用原形)
↘沒(méi)有，再看情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
↗有，就用原形
↗有，就加ed
↘沒(méi)有，再看有無(wú)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
↗是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)就加s或es
↘沒(méi)有，再看主語(yǔ)
↘不是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)就用原形
(2)be動(dòng)詞
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口訣:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。
b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
c、一般疑問(wèn)句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的be動(dòng)詞大致分兩類(lèi):is、am、are為一類(lèi)，一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)中，was和were為另一類(lèi)，一般用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
判斷步驟:
↗第一、三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，就用was
↗有，再看人稱(chēng)
↘第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù)，就用were
看有無(wú)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
↗第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，就用am
↘沒(méi)有，再看人稱(chēng)→第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，就有is
↘第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù)，就用are
用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
(3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類(lèi)特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說(shuō)成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。
我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can、must、should、would、may。接觸最多的是can。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)
2、名詞
表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。判斷的關(guān)鍵詞往往是be動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞如果是am、is或was，名詞就用原形;be動(dòng)詞如果是are或were，名詞就加s或es。
這里強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn):不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was;最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。
如何加后綴:
a.一般情況下，直接加-s，如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如:knife-knives
e.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
判斷步驟:
↗如是am、is或was→原形
讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞→理解意思→看be動(dòng)詞
↘如是are或were→加s或es
3、形容詞(包括副詞)
形容詞表示某一事物或的特征，副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。
形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式:原形和+er。
未作比較的情況下就用原形，比較時(shí)就+er。
兩個(gè)重要特征:as……as中間一定用原形，有than的時(shí)候一定+er。
4、人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞
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主格 |
you |
I |
he |
she |
it |
we |
they |
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賓格 |
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形容詞性物主代詞 |
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名詞性物主代詞 |
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第一人稱(chēng) I me we us my mine our ours
第二人稱(chēng) you you you you your yours your yours
第三人稱(chēng) he him they them his his their theirs she her her her sit it its its
人稱(chēng)代詞:有主格和賓格之分。一般動(dòng)詞前用主格，動(dòng)詞后用賓格。
物主代詞:有兩類(lèi):形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的)
一般看后面有沒(méi)有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的);如無(wú)，就用名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的)。
用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5、數(shù)量詞
我們學(xué)過(guò)兩類(lèi):基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。
6、冠詞
有a、an、the。a和an有具體的意思，一(個(gè)…)，the沒(méi)有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。確定用a、an還是the時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思。a和an的區(qū)別:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于輔音音素前。
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